6-21 RIP协议配置实验

image-20240316220802475

实验拓扑图如图所示，

  • 路由器R1的GE0/0/0口的地址为12.1.1.1/24，路由器R2的GE0/0/0口的地址为12.1.1.2/24

  • 路由器R1存在以下2个环回口地址

    • 10.1.1.1/24

    • 10.1.2.1/24

  • 路由器R1存在以下2个环回口地址

    • 10.1.100.1/24

    • 10.1.200.1/24

实验目的：通过RIP协议配置，使得2个路由器学习到对方的环回路由信息

实验过程

配置R1 R2地址

配置R1地址

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[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1/24   # 注意这里不能写成/形式，IP和掩码要分开写
                                ^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
Mar 16 2024 22:04:13-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.1.1.0 24   # 10.1.1.0是一个网段地址，不能分配给设备或接口使用，是无效地址
Error: The specified IP address is invalid.
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]lo1
              ^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.

[R1]interface lo1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 10.1.2.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]q

[R1]dis ip int brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.1.1.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         10.1.1.1/24          up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         10.1.2.1/24          up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

配置R2地址

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[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
Mar 16 2024 22:12:38-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.100.1 24

[R2-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 10.1.200.1 24
[R2-LoopBack1]dis ip int brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.1.1.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         10.1.100.1/24        up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         10.1.200.1/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

查看R1 R2路由表

查看R1路由表

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[R1]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.1.1        LoopBack0
       10.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
     10.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.1.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.2.1        LoopBack1
       10.1.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
     10.1.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
       12.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R1尝试pingR2的环回路由ping 10.1.100.1不通，因为没有能够到达的路由

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[R1]ping 10.1.100.1
  PING 10.1.100.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 10.1.100.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss

配置R1 R2的RIP协议

R1配置RIP协议

配置前注意事项：

  • 宣告：RIP协议的宣告通常指的是路由器通过RIP协议将自己的路由信息发送给其他路由器的过程，以此来告知其他路由器如何到达特定的网络。（笔者注：理解network 10.0.0.0表示向相邻路由器说：我这能到10.0.0.0网络）

  • 默认的RIP协议为RIPv1，其宣告和路由更新信息仅支持分类/定长子网掩码划分网络，因此RIP学到的

  • 对于RIPv2，其宣告仅支持分类/定长子网掩码划分网络，但路由更新时会交互非主类网络路由

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[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0  # 宣告直连网络，且RIPv1仅支持分类/定长子网掩码划分网络
[R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0  # 宣告环回网络，前面配置的2个环回网络都能够广播出去

R2配置RIP协议

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[R2]rip 
[R2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

再次查看R1 R2路由表

显示R1路由表

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[R1]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8   RIP     100  1           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet0/0/0   # 此条路由即为RIP学习到的，能够到达R1的环回口
       10.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.1.1        LoopBack0
       10.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
     10.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.1.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.2.1        LoopBack1
       10.1.2.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
     10.1.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
       12.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

显示R2路由表

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[R2-rip-1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8   RIP     100  1           D   12.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet0/0/0  # 此条路由即为RIP学习到的，能够到达R1的环回口
     10.1.100.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.100.1      LoopBack0
     10.1.100.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
   10.1.100.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
     10.1.200.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.1.200.1      LoopBack1
     10.1.200.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
   10.1.200.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1
       12.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       12.1.1.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     12.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

测试RIP是否生效

ping对方环回口测试

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[R1]ping 10.1.100.1
  PING 10.1.100.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.1.100.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 10.1.100.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 10.1.100.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 10.1.100.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 10.1.100.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 10.1.100.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/18/40 ms

tracert测试

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[R1]tracert 10.1.100.1

 traceroute to  10.1.100.1(10.1.100.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CT
RL_C to break 

 1 12.1.1.2 20 ms  20 ms  20 ms   # 可见连接至10.1.100.1，经过了1跳，该跳为12.1.1.2

上述测试可见RIP生效

RIP基本配置过程

  1. 启动RIP
  2. 宣告网络

抓包分析RIP交互信息

在R1的GE0/0/0接口处点击抓包

image-20240316224333134

抓包结果

image-20240316224712240

展开可见RIP协议交互的内容为路由信息

image-20240316224926992

若将RIP版本改为RIPv2，如下命令

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[R1-rip-1]version ?
  INTEGER<1-2>  Version of RIP process
[R1-rip-1]version 2

抓包分析，可见RIPv2的广播包变成了组播包

image-20240316225210866

计算机网络软考中级网络工程师Before2025
许可协议

本文采用 署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 许可协议，转载请注明出处。

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